Types of abuse
Abuse comes in many forms, but all involve behaviour that is intended to cause harm to another person. Abuse is a violation of a person’s human and civil rights.
Harm may also be caused unintentionally, perhaps because of a lack of training or knowledge.
Remember that more than one form of abuse may apply in a situation – e.g. physical abuse by a person in the same household is domestic abuse; modern slavery may be financial abuse; neglect can also be organisational abuse. A person who is experiencing coercive control could also be financially, physically or emotionally abused. Abuse rarely occurs in isolation, so it is important to be able to recognise the different signs and indicators.
Abuse and harm may happen to anyone – but for safeguarding adults duties to apply under the Care Act the person must have (or appear to have) care and support needs and be unable to protect themselves from the harm because of those needs.
People without care and support needs may still need assistance and intervention, even if this is not through the local authority. Abuse and harm often involve criminal or civil offences; there are also a wide range of organisations who can offer help outside of the safeguarding adults process to those in need.
The Care Act 2014 identifies ten categories of abuse, adding modern slavery, domestic abuse and self-neglect & hoarding to the existing seven types from 'No Secrets'.
Haringey Council have this useful set of animation videos which gives an overview of safeguarding for both adults and children for a multi-agency audience:
Video 1 - What is safeguarding?
Video 3 - Understanding safeguarding
Video 4 - Signs and indicators
While some of the contact information in the final video obviously relates to Haringey, simply substitute Norfolk County Council contacts if you are living or working in Norfolk. Remember that you can access the relevant Norfolk County Council pages directly by clicking on the 'report a concern' from any page on our NSAB website.
There are more types of abuse you will hear about too, and we are gradually adding more information about these:
- Hate crime / incidents - see 'Discriminatory Abuse' and also Norfolk Community Safety Partnership (NSCP) for more detailed information.
You can directly Report Hate Crimes to Norfolk police.
Also you can report here: Stop Homophobic, Transphobic, Racial, Religious & Disability Hate Crime - True Vision (report-it.org.uk)
- Prevent & radicalisation - see our 'Prevent' page
- County Lines - we have a short video about this under 'Modern Slavery & Human Trafficking')
- Mate crime - see our animation 'Tricky Friends'
- Sexual exploitation - see 'Sexual Abuse' and 'Modern Slavery & Human Trafficking'
- Scams and fraud - see 'Financial Abuse'
- Cuckooing - see Norwich City Council's handy guide to this Norwich City Council guide to cuckooing
- Honour based abuse - a helpful leaflet is available, developed by Norfolk Community Safety Partnership and Norfolk & Waveney ICB for providers working in health, care, education and wider public services who are in a position to identify and support victims of honour based abuse. Norfolk County Council's People From Abroad Team has put together an overview of honour based abuse and forced marriage.